CryptoTax Map

CryptoTax Map

by Alessandro Palombo

Interactive crypto tax rates and regulations for 168 countries.
Hover the map. Find your tier.

Updated February 13, 2026

UAEFeb 2026

Reaffirms zero crypto tax, expands virtual asset licensing

Czech RepublicJan 2026

Exempts crypto held 3+ years from capital gains

ThailandJan 2026

Extends crypto tax exemption for digital asset exchanges

IndiaFeb 2026

Maintains 30% flat tax on crypto with 1% TDS

El SalvadorFeb 2026

Doubles down on Bitcoin as legal tender strategy

United StatesJan 2026

IRS finalizes broker reporting rules for crypto

SingaporeFeb 2026

Maintains 0% capital gains on crypto for individuals

ItalyJan 2026

Raises crypto capital gains tax to 42% for 2026

168 countries

Antigua and Barbuda

Heaven

No personal income tax. Zero capital gains tax. CBI program from $230K accepts Bitcoin proof-of-funds.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Bahamas

Heaven

Zero income tax, zero capital gains tax, zero inheritance tax jurisdiction. Close proximity to Miami. Total tax haven for crypto investors.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Bahrain

Heaven

No personal income tax. Zero tax on crypto gains for individuals. Regulated by the Central Bank of Bahrain with a clear licensing framework for digital asset businesses.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Middle East·FATCA

Belize

Heaven

Belize has no capital gains tax. Income from investments is exempt. Popular with offshore structuring.

0%

effective rate

0% (no capital gains tax)

capital gains

Americas

Bermuda

Heaven

Zero-tax regime for individuals. Allows local taxes to be paid in USDC since 2019. New 15% corporate tax only applies to massive multinationals.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Bhutan

Heaven

Bhutan has no capital gains tax and has been mining Bitcoin since 2019 using hydroelectric power.

0%

effective rate

0% (no capital gains tax)

capital gains

Asia

British Virgin Islands

Heaven

Classic offshore tax haven with zero taxation across the board. No capital gains, no income tax on non-residents, no corporate tax for IBCs, no inheritance tax, no sales tax.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Brunei

Heaven

No personal income tax. Zero tax on crypto gains for individuals. 5% social fund contribution required. No CBI program available.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Asia

Cambodia

Heaven

Cambodia has no capital gains tax. Growing crypto adoption. Dollar-based economy.

0%

effective rate

0% (no capital gains tax)

capital gains

Asia

Cayman Islands

Heaven

Absolute zero-tax jurisdiction. No income tax, no capital gains tax, no corporate tax, no inheritance tax. CARF reporting being implemented for transparency.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Dominica

Heaven

No capital gains tax. Personal income tax exists but no CGT. Cheapest CBI in the Caribbean at $100K.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

El Salvador

Heaven

First country to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender. Eliminated all taxes on 'technological innovation' including crypto in 2023. Bitcoin citizenship available for $1M investment.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Americas·FATCA

Georgia

Heaven

Ministry of Finance confirms individuals are exempt from all income tax on crypto profits. Crypto not considered 'Georgian sourced' income. Mining equipment imports are duty-free.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Grenada

Heaven

No personal income tax. Zero capital gains tax. Grenada's CBI is the only Caribbean passport with a US E-2 treaty, making it uniquely valuable.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Kuwait

Heaven

No personal income tax. Zero tax on crypto gains for individuals. Kuwait has been cautious about crypto regulation.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Middle East·FATCA

Liechtenstein

Heaven

Liechtenstein does not tax capital gains for individuals. Pioneering Blockchain Act provides full crypto regulation.

0%

effective rate

0% for individuals

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Maldives

Heaven

Maldives has no personal income tax or capital gains tax. Tourism-based economy with growing crypto interest.

0%

effective rate

0% (no income tax)

capital gains

Asia

Mauritius

Heaven

Zero tax on all crypto income for individuals. Special 1% token trading regime for businesses. Gateway to Africa/Asia investment with investment visa program.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Africa·FATCA

Monaco

Heaven

No personal income or capital gains tax for residents (except French nationals). Ultra-luxury zero-tax jurisdiction for crypto investors.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Panama

Heaven

Territorial tax system means all foreign-sourced crypto gains are 100% tax-free. Crypto traded on international exchanges is considered foreign-sourced. No VAT on crypto transactions.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Americas·FATCA

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Heaven

No personal income tax or capital gains tax. Pioneer of CBI programs. Bitcoin.com headquarters.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Saint Lucia

Heaven

Saint Lucia has no capital gains tax. CBI program offers citizenship from $100K.

0%

effective rate

0% (no capital gains tax)

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Samoa

Heaven

Samoa has no capital gains tax. Small island economy with growing digital finance interest.

0%

effective rate

0% (no capital gains tax)

capital gains

Oceania

Saudi Arabia

Heaven

No personal income tax including on crypto gains. Corporate tax only applies to foreign entities. Saudi is developing a comprehensive digital assets regulatory framework.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Middle East·FATCA

Seychelles

Heaven

IBCs with no local activity are exempt from corporate income tax, including crypto mining. No VAT or capital gains tax on crypto. VASP licensing legislation passed in 2024.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Africa·FATCA

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Heaven

St. Vincent has no capital gains tax. Popular jurisdiction for crypto exchanges and offshore finance.

0%

effective rate

0% (no capital gains tax)

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Suriname

Heaven

Suriname generally does not tax capital gains for individuals. Limited crypto-specific regulation.

0%

effective rate

0% on most capital gains

capital gains

Americas

Tonga

Heaven

Tonga has no capital gains tax. Bitcoin adoption growing following El Salvador model.

0%

effective rate

0% (no capital gains tax)

capital gains

Oceania

Turkey

Heaven

Turkey currently has no capital gains tax on crypto for individuals. High crypto adoption (52M+ users). New legislation pending.

0%

effective rate

0% (no capital gains tax on securities for individuals)

capital gains

Europe

Turks and Caicos Islands

Heaven

Zero income tax jurisdiction. No capital gains, no income tax on individuals whatsoever. However, residency/citizenship by investment is not available.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

United Arab Emirates

Heaven

Zero personal income tax and zero capital gains tax on all crypto activities for individuals. Dubai's VARA provides world-class regulatory framework.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Middle East·FATCA

Vanuatu

Heaven

Constitutional zero-tax status. No personal income, capital gains, corporate, or inheritance tax. First country to accept Bitcoin for citizenship by investment (~$130K).

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Oceania

Costa Rica

Paradise

Territorial tax system means foreign-source crypto gains are tax-free. No CGT for individuals on foreign assets. Popular digital nomad destination.

0%

effective rate

0% (territorial)

capital gains

Americas·FATCA

Cyprus

Paradise

No CGT on crypto disposals for non-real estate assets. Cyprus has positioned itself as a crypto-friendly EU jurisdiction.

0%

effective rate

0% (with conditions)

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Germany

Paradise

Crypto held >1 year: completely tax-free. Sold within 1 year: taxed as income (up to 45%). Annual exemption of €1,000 for short-term gains. Germany treats crypto as 'private money', not capital asset.

0%

effective rate

0% (if held >1 year)

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Gibraltar

Paradise

No capital gains tax, no VAT for individuals. Crypto businesses face 12.5% corporate tax. Clear regulatory framework via Financial Services Commission.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Hong Kong

Paradise

No capital gains tax on crypto for individuals. Business traders and professionals subject to profits tax. New 2025-2026 exemptions extending to hedge funds and family offices investing in crypto.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Luxembourg

Paradise

Crypto gains tax-free after 6-month holding period. Short-term gains taxed as income up to 42%. Luxembourg is a major EU financial center.

0%

effective rate

0% after 6 months

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Malaysia

Paradise

Crypto held as investment is exempt from capital gains tax. But if you trade frequently (day trading), it becomes taxable as business income. The line between 'investment' and 'trading' is subjective.

0%

effective rate

0% (individual investment)

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Malta

Paradise

'Blockchain Island' - no capital gains tax on long-term crypto held as 'store of value'. Business/trading may face 35% tax but can be reduced to 0-5% with proper structuring. MiCA alignment in 2025.

0%

effective rate

0% (long-term, store of value)

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Oman

Paradise

No personal income tax. Crypto gains for individuals are tax-free under general tax framework. Corporate tax at 15%. Blockchain regulation being explored in 2025.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Middle East

Paraguay

Paradise

Territorial tax system means zero tax on foreign-source Bitcoin gains. 10% on local source income. Crypto mining law passed 2024. Cheapest citizenship path ($5K, 3 years).

0%

effective rate

0% (foreign source)

capital gains

Americas·FATCA

Portugal

Paradise

Hold crypto >365 days and sell for 0% tax. Short-term gains taxed at 28%. Crypto-to-crypto swaps reset the holding period. NHR 2.0 (IFICI) available for qualified professionals.

0%

effective rate

0% (held >365 days); 28% (held <365 days)

capital gains

Europe·FATCA·Bitizenship

Puerto Rico

Paradise

Act 60 offers 0% capital gains on crypto acquired AFTER becoming resident. Crypto acquired before moving is still subject to US federal tax. Must spend 183+ days/year on island. Loophole under legislative threat.

0%

effective rate

0% (on crypto acquired after becoming resident)

capital gains

Caribbean

Qatar

Paradise

No personal income tax. Crypto gains for individuals are tax-free. Corporate tax at 10%. Digital Asset Regulatory framework being finalized by Q2 2025.

0%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Middle East·FATCA

Singapore

Paradise

No capital gains tax for individual investors. Becomes taxable (0-24%) only if IRAS classifies your activity as business/trading income based on frequency, intent, and 'badges of trade'.

0%

effective rate

0% (investments); taxable if business

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Switzerland

Paradise

Capital gains on crypto are tax-free for individual investors at federal level. Small wealth tax (0.5-0.8%) applies to total crypto holdings. Professional traders may face income tax. Home of 'Crypto Valley' in Zug.

0%

effective rate

0% (individual investors)

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Thailand

Paradise

5-year tax holiday (2025-2029) on crypto capital gains - but ONLY through Thai SEC-licensed domestic exchanges. Foreign platforms, DeFi, P2P trades NOT covered. Temporary program.

0%

effective rate

0% (2025-2029 tax holiday, conditions apply)

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Uzbekistan

Paradise

Crypto gains exempt from personal income tax since 2023. Mining is licensed and regulated. Uzbekistan is positioning itself as a crypto-friendly Central Asian hub.

0%

effective rate

0% (individuals)

capital gains

Asia

Albania

Purgatory

15% flat tax on crypto gains. Albania has become popular with digital nomads and has a growing tech scene.

15%

effective rate

15%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Andorra

Purgatory

10% flat tax on income. Andorra is a popular destination for crypto entrepreneurs with low taxes and high quality of life.

10%

effective rate

10%

capital gains

Europe

Angola

Purgatory

Angola applies 10% withholding on investment income including crypto gains. Relatively favorable rate.

10%

effective rate

10% on investment income

capital gains

Africa

Argentina

Purgatory

5-15% tax on realized gains and cross-border crypto transfers. Shifted from wealth-style declaration. Tax amnesty through March 2025 for undeclared crypto. Highest crypto adoption in the region ($91B inflows in 2024).

10%

effective rate

5-15%

capital gains

Americas

Armenia

Purgatory

10% capital gains tax. Armenia has attracted tech talent post-2022 with a growing startup ecosystem and crypto-friendly environment.

10%

effective rate

10%

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Azerbaijan

Purgatory

14% income tax rate. Azerbaijan has limited crypto-specific regulation but general tax rules apply.

14%

effective rate

14%

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Barbados

Purgatory

No capital gains tax but income tax up to 28.5%. Barbados Welcome Stamp digital nomad visa popular with crypto holders.

12%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Belarus

Purgatory

Tax holiday on crypto ran through 2025 via High-Tech Park decree. Post-exemption, individuals face 13% tax on crypto income. Future extensions uncertain due to geopolitical situation.

13%

effective rate

0% (was exempt through 2025; uncertain now)

capital gains

Europe

Bolivia

Purgatory

Bolivia taxes crypto gains at 13%. Previously banned crypto, lifted ban in 2024. Growing adoption.

13%

effective rate

13% on gains

capital gains

Americas

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Purgatory

Bosnia has a flat 10% tax on income including crypto gains. Low tax burden.

10%

effective rate

10% on gains

capital gains

Europe

Brazil

Purgatory

Flat 15-17.5% tax on all crypto gains. Previous progressive model and small investor exemption (R$35,000/month) removed in 2025. CARF reporting from mid-2026.

17%

effective rate

15-17.5% (flat)

capital gains

Americas·FATCA

Bulgaria

Purgatory

10% flat tax on both personal income and corporate income. Bulgaria has Europe's lowest combined tax rates.

10%

effective rate

10%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Colombia

Purgatory

15% flat rate on capital gains. Colombia has a growing crypto ecosystem with regulatory sandbox for exchanges.

15%

effective rate

15%

capital gains

Americas·FATCA

Croatia

Purgatory

Hold crypto for 2+ years and pay 0% tax. Short-term gains face ~10% national tax plus city surtax (effective ~12%). EU member state subject to DAC8.

12%

effective rate

0% (held >2 years); ~12% (held <2 years)

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Czech Republic

Purgatory

Standard 15% income tax on crypto gains. 3-year holding period exemption available. Higher rate of 23% for high earners. DAC8 compliance from 2026.

15%

effective rate

15% (standard); 0% if held >3 years

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Estonia

Purgatory

Crypto profits taxed at 20% only when sold or exchanged. Holding is not taxable. VAT-exempt. E-Residency program allows remote business creation. Digital pioneer but not a tax haven.

20%

effective rate

20% (on disposal)

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Fiji

Purgatory

10% capital gains tax. Fiji has limited crypto regulation but general tax rules apply. Growing digital economy.

10%

effective rate

10%

capital gains

Oceania

Greece

Purgatory

15% flat tax on crypto gains. Greece has introduced a digital nomad visa and non-dom regime attracting crypto holders.

15%

effective rate

15%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Guatemala

Purgatory

Guatemala taxes capital gains at 10%. Low overall tax burden. Limited crypto regulation.

10%

effective rate

10% on gains

capital gains

Americas

Honduras

Purgatory

Honduras has a 10% capital gains tax. Exploring Bitcoin as legal tender following El Salvador. ZEDE zones offer tax benefits.

10%

effective rate

10% on gains

capital gains

Americas

Hungary

Purgatory

15% flat personal income tax applies to crypto gains. Hungary has the EU's lowest corporate tax rate at 9%.

15%

effective rate

15%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Indonesia

Purgatory

Very low 0.1% final tax on crypto transactions plus 0.11% VAT. Indonesia has a large and growing crypto market.

1%

effective rate

0.1%

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Jordan

Purgatory

No capital gains tax but income tax up to 25%. Crypto regulation under development. Growing fintech sector.

10%

effective rate

0%

capital gains

Middle East·FATCA

Kazakhstan

Purgatory

10% flat tax. Kazakhstan became a major Bitcoin mining hub after China's ban. AIFC in Astana offers crypto-friendly regulation.

10%

effective rate

10%

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Kenya

Purgatory

3% digital asset tax on transfer/exchange value. Kenya is a major crypto hub in East Africa with high mobile money adoption driving crypto use.

3%

effective rate

3% digital asset tax

capital gains

Africa

Kosovo

Purgatory

Kosovo has low tax rates with 0-10% income tax. Growing tech sector with crypto adoption.

10%

effective rate

10% on gains

capital gains

Europe

Kyrgyzstan

Purgatory

Kyrgyzstan has a flat 10% income tax. Growing crypto mining sector due to cheap electricity.

10%

effective rate

10% on income

capital gains

Asia

Laos

Purgatory

Laos taxes capital gains at 10%. Limited crypto adoption. Government exploring digital currency.

10%

effective rate

10% on gains

capital gains

Asia

Lithuania

Purgatory

15% flat tax on crypto gains. Lithuania has become a hub for crypto companies with its licensing framework.

15%

effective rate

15%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Madagascar

Purgatory

Madagascar has a flat 20% tax on capital gains and income. Low overall tax burden.

20%

effective rate

20% on gains

capital gains

Africa

Moldova

Purgatory

12% flat tax rate on income including crypto. Moldova has very low tax rates and is developing its IT sector.

12%

effective rate

12%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Mongolia

Purgatory

10% flat income tax. Mongolia has favorable tax rates and growing interest in crypto mining due to cheap energy.

10%

effective rate

10%

capital gains

Asia

Montenegro

Purgatory

Progressive tax 9-15%. Montenegro uses EUR and has become a hub for crypto entrepreneurs.

15%

effective rate

15%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Nicaragua

Purgatory

Nicaragua taxes capital gains at 10%. Growing crypto adoption but limited regulation.

10%

effective rate

10% on gains

capital gains

Americas

Nigeria

Purgatory

10% capital gains tax on crypto disposals. Nigeria has Africa's largest crypto market despite past regulatory friction. SEC now regulates digital assets.

10%

effective rate

10%

capital gains

Africa

North Macedonia

Purgatory

North Macedonia has a flat 10% tax on capital gains. EU accession candidate.

10%

effective rate

10% on gains

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Papua New Guinea

Purgatory

Papua New Guinea taxes capital gains at 10%. Limited crypto adoption and regulation.

10%

effective rate

10% on gains

capital gains

Oceania

Philippines

Purgatory

Crypto gains treated as capital gains at various rates. High adoption driven by play-to-earn games and remittances.

15%

effective rate

Up to 15%

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Poland

Purgatory

Flat 19% tax on crypto gains. Poland has a clear tax framework and growing crypto adoption.

19%

effective rate

19%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Romania

Purgatory

10% flat tax on crypto gains. Romania has one of Europe's lowest personal income tax rates.

10%

effective rate

10%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Russia

Purgatory

Russia taxes crypto at 13-15% personal income tax. Crypto mining legalized in 2024; payments restricted domestically.

15%

effective rate

13-15% on income

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Rwanda

Purgatory

Low 5% CGT rate. Rwanda is positioning itself as a tech hub in East Africa with progressive digital asset regulation.

5%

effective rate

5%

capital gains

Africa

San Marino

Purgatory

San Marino has a 12% tax on capital gains. No VAT system. Small but prosperous microstate.

12%

effective rate

12% on gains

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Serbia

Purgatory

15% flat tax on crypto gains. Serbia has a growing tech sector and competitive tax rates.

15%

effective rate

15%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Slovakia

Purgatory

19% tax on crypto gains (25% above EUR 38K). Slovakia's tax rate for crypto is competitive within the EU.

19%

effective rate

19%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Slovenia

Purgatory

10% tax on crypto withdrawals to fiat and payments since 2023. Occasional trading gains still untaxed. Moving away from former crypto-friendly status. Rate may decrease with longer holding.

10%

effective rate

10% (on withdrawals/payments); 0% on occasional trading

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Solomon Islands

Purgatory

Solomon Islands has limited crypto adoption. Standard income tax applies to gains.

15%

effective rate

Variable

capital gains

Oceania

South Korea

Purgatory

Crypto capital gains tax delayed AGAIN to 2027. Currently 0% as the 20% tax keeps getting postponed. When implemented: 20% on gains >2.5M won (~$1,900). Massive crypto adoption (millions of traders).

0%

effective rate

20% (planned, delayed until 2027)

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

South Sudan

Purgatory

South Sudan has low personal income tax rates. Crypto essentially unregulated.

15%

effective rate

10% on income

capital gains

Africa

Taiwan

Purgatory

Crypto gains taxed at 20% as property transactions. Progressive income tax up to 40%. Taiwan has a regulated exchange environment.

20%

effective rate

20%

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Tajikistan

Purgatory

Tajikistan has a 13% income tax rate. Crypto not specifically regulated.

13%

effective rate

13% on income

capital gains

Asia

Timor-Leste

Purgatory

Timor-Leste has a flat 10% income tax. Dollar-based economy. Minimal crypto regulation.

10%

effective rate

10% on income

capital gains

Asia

Turkmenistan

Purgatory

Turkmenistan has a 10% income tax. Highly restricted financial system. Crypto unofficial.

10%

effective rate

10% on income

capital gains

Asia

Ukraine

Purgatory

Crypto legalized in 2022. 18% income tax plus 1.5% military levy. 5% discounted rate was proposed but war conditions complicate implementation.

19%

effective rate

18% + 1.5% military levy

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Uruguay

Purgatory

12% tax on capital income (IRPF Cat II). Uruguay has a stable economy and regulatory environment. Digital assets regulation being developed.

12%

effective rate

12%

capital gains

Americas·FATCA

Afghanistan

Limbo

Afghanistan has limited formal tax enforcement. Crypto growing as alternative to banking restrictions.

20%

effective rate

Unclear

capital gains

Asia

Australia

Limbo

Crypto gains taxed at personal income tax rates (0-45%). 50% CGT discount for assets held >12 months. ATO actively monitors via exchange data-matching. No separate crypto tax rate.

23%

effective rate

0-45% (progressive, with 50% CGT discount for >12 months)

capital gains

Oceania·FATCA

Austria

Limbo

Austria taxes crypto capital gains at a flat 27.5%. Clear regulations under EU MiCA framework. Holding period benefit abolished in 2022.

27.5%

effective rate

27.5% flat on crypto

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Belgium

Limbo

Complex system: 0% if 'normal management of private wealth', 33% if speculative, or progressive rates if professional. New 10% tax on crypto gains from Jan 2026 for normal asset management. Pre-2026 gains exempt from new tax.

25%

effective rate

0-33% (complex classification)

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Botswana

Limbo

No specific crypto legislation. General income tax applies. Botswana has strong institutions but limited crypto infrastructure.

25%

effective rate

Up to 25%

capital gains

Africa

Cameroon

Limbo

Cameroon applies progressive income tax rates of 10-35% to all income including crypto. Limited crypto-specific regulation.

30%

effective rate

10-35% (progressive)

capital gains

Africa

Canada

Limbo

50% of capital gains included in taxable income (2/3 for gains >$250K from 2026). Effective rates up to ~54% combined federal+provincial for highest earners. No separate crypto tax rate.

27%

effective rate

50% inclusion (2/3 for gains >$250K from 2026)

capital gains

Americas·FATCA

Chile

Limbo

Crypto taxed as income under general tax rules. Chile has a fintech law regulating crypto platforms since 2023.

25%

effective rate

Up to 35%

capital gains

Americas·FATCA

Cuba

Limbo

Cuba has limited crypto regulation and restricted international financial access. Growing Bitcoin adoption despite sanctions.

30%

effective rate

Unclear

capital gains

Caribbean

Dominican Republic

Limbo

General income tax applies to crypto at progressive rates. Growing crypto adoption with no specific digital asset legislation.

25%

effective rate

27%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

DR Congo

Limbo

DR Congo taxes capital gains at 20%. Very limited crypto infrastructure and regulation.

20%

effective rate

20% on gains

capital gains

Africa

Ecuador

Limbo

General income tax applies. USD-denominated economy. Crypto not specifically regulated but gaining adoption.

25%

effective rate

Up to 25%

capital gains

Americas

Egypt

Limbo

Crypto not specifically regulated but general tax rules apply. Central Bank historically skeptical, though stance is softening.

22%

effective rate

Up to 22.5%

capital gains

Africa·FATCA

Finland

Limbo

30% tax on crypto gains (34% above €30K). Mining income taxed on receipt. Tax authority flagged large gap between traders and reporters. 20% deemed cost deduction if records lost.

30%

effective rate

30% (34% above €30K)

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

France

Limbo

30% flat tax (PFU) on crypto gains, covering both capital gains and social contributions. Crypto-to-crypto trades remain tax-free. Staking/mining at progressive rates up to 45%. Fines for unreported accounts.

30%

effective rate

30% (flat tax / PFU)

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Ghana

Limbo

No specific crypto tax legislation but general income tax applies. Growing crypto adoption with regulatory framework in development.

25%

effective rate

Up to 25%

capital gains

Africa

Guyana

Limbo

Guyana taxes gains at various rates. Oil boom transforming economy. Limited crypto regulation.

28%

effective rate

20% on property gains

capital gains

Americas

Iceland

Limbo

22% capital income tax on crypto. Higher rates for income above ISK 11M. Iceland is popular for crypto mining due to cheap renewable energy.

22%

effective rate

22%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Ireland

Limbo

33% capital gains tax on crypto disposals. Ireland has a well-developed tech ecosystem but one of the highest CGT rates in Europe.

33%

effective rate

33%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Israel

Limbo

Israel taxes crypto capital gains at 25% (for non-business). Active fintech sector and crypto regulation.

25%

effective rate

25% on gains

capital gains

Middle East·FATCA

Italy

Limbo

26% flat capital gains tax in 2025, rising to 33% in 2026. €2,000 annual exemption being removed. Government originally planned 42% but backed down. Alternative 18% portfolio tax option available.

26%

effective rate

26% (2025); 33% (from 2026)

capital gains

Europe·FATCA·Bitizenship

Ivory Coast

Limbo

Ivory Coast applies a 12% flat rate on capital gains. Crypto not specifically addressed.

12%

effective rate

12% flat on capital gains

capital gains

Africa

Jamaica

Limbo

General income tax of 25% applies to crypto gains. Jamaica has been exploring digital currency regulation.

25%

effective rate

25%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Latvia

Limbo

20% flat tax on crypto gains. Latvia applies standard capital income rules to cryptocurrency.

20%

effective rate

20%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Lebanon

Limbo

Crypto has become popular due to banking crisis. General income tax applies. Limited regulatory framework.

20%

effective rate

10%

capital gains

Middle East

Libya

Limbo

Libya has low tax rates but unstable regulatory environment. Crypto usage growing despite conflict.

15%

effective rate

Varies

capital gains

Africa

Mexico

Limbo

No crypto-specific tax law. Taxed under general income tax (1.92-35% progressive). ~$4,000 annual exemption on movable property gains. 20% withholding tax on some transfers. 16% VAT applies.

25%

effective rate

1.92-35% (progressive income tax)

capital gains

Americas·FATCA

Mozambique

Limbo

Mozambique applies 20% tax on capital gains. Crypto not specifically regulated.

20%

effective rate

20% on gains

capital gains

Africa

Myanmar

Limbo

Myanmar crypto market growing despite political instability. Capital gains taxed at 10%.

25%

effective rate

10% on gains

capital gains

Asia

Netherlands

Limbo

Unique system: 36% tax on PRESUMED returns (6.44% in 2025), not actual gains. You pay tax even if your crypto lost value. Tax-free capital threshold: €57,684 single / €115,386 partners.

34%

effective rate

36% on presumed 6.44% return

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Peru

Limbo

Crypto gains taxed as income at progressive rates up to 30%. Limited specific crypto legislation.

30%

effective rate

Up to 30%

capital gains

Americas·FATCA

Senegal

Limbo

Senegal taxes capital gains as income at progressive rates up to 40%. Crypto not specifically regulated.

25%

effective rate

Up to 25%

capital gains

Africa

South Africa

Limbo

18% effective capital gains tax rate. Income tax on crypto up to 45% for frequent traders. Lack of clear guidance on DeFi, airdrops, and forks adds confusion.

30%

effective rate

18% (effective CGT)

capital gains

Africa·FATCA

Spain

Limbo

Progressive capital gains tax from 19% to 28% (on profits >€300K). Staking, DeFi, and mining income taxed at regular income rates up to 47%. Modelo 721 reporting for overseas crypto holdings.

24%

effective rate

19-28%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Sri Lanka

Limbo

General income tax applies to crypto at progressive rates up to 30%. Post-crisis economy with evolving regulation.

24%

effective rate

Up to 30%

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Sudan

Limbo

Sudan has relatively low tax rates but significant regulatory uncertainty for crypto.

15%

effective rate

Varies

capital gains

Africa

Sweden

Limbo

Flat 30% tax on all crypto capital gains. Staking and mining at income tax rates (32-52%). Skatteverket actively monitors exchanges. No holding period benefit.

30%

effective rate

30%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Syria

Limbo

Syria has no specific crypto regulation. Financial system under sanctions.

22%

effective rate

Unclear

capital gains

Middle East

Tanzania

Limbo

General income tax rates apply to crypto. Tanzania has been cautious about crypto regulation but is exploring CBDC.

30%

effective rate

Up to 30%

capital gains

Africa

Trinidad and Tobago

Limbo

25% flat income tax applies. Trinidad is on the EU tax blacklist. Growing crypto interest in the energy-rich economy.

25%

effective rate

25%

capital gains

Caribbean·FATCA

Tunisia

Limbo

Tunisia taxes gains as income at progressive rates up to 35%. Crypto not specifically regulated but gaining traction.

30%

effective rate

Up to 35%

capital gains

Africa·FATCA

Uganda

Limbo

Uganda taxes all income at 30% for individuals. Crypto treated as property; gains taxable as income.

30%

effective rate

30% on income

capital gains

Africa

United Kingdom

Limbo

18% basic rate / 24% higher rate capital gains tax. Annual CGT allowance reduced to £3,000 (from £12,300 in 2022). Mining and staking income taxed as regular income up to 45%.

24%

effective rate

18-24%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

United States

Limbo

Short-term gains taxed as ordinary income (up to 37%+3.8% NIIT). Long-term gains (held >1 year) at 0-20%+3.8% NIIT. State taxes additional. Expanding reporting requirements. Worldwide taxation for US citizens.

25%

effective rate

0-20% (long-term); 10-37% (short-term) + 3.8% NIIT

capital gains

Americas

Vietnam

Limbo

Crypto not recognized as legal tender but widely used. Tax treatment unclear but general income tax applies. One of the highest crypto adoption countries globally.

25%

effective rate

Up to 25%

capital gains

Asia

Yemen

Limbo

Yemen has minimal crypto regulation. Growing usage for remittances despite conflict.

20%

effective rate

Unclear

capital gains

Middle East

Zambia

Limbo

Zambia taxes crypto as property; gains subject to income tax up to 37.5%. Limited regulatory framework.

30%

effective rate

Property transfer tax 5%

capital gains

Africa

Algeria

Hell

Crypto is banned in Algeria. Purchase, sale, and holding of crypto is illegal since 2018 Finance Law.

50%

effective rate

Crypto banned

capital gains

Africa

Bangladesh

Hell

Crypto is effectively banned by Bangladesh Bank. Penalties for crypto trading. High income tax rates.

35%

effective rate

15%

capital gains

Asia

China

Hell

Crypto trading and mining completely banned since 2021. All crypto transactions illegal. Despite ban, OTC trading estimated at $75B+.

50%

effective rate

Crypto banned

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Denmark

Hell

Crypto profits taxed at personal income rates from 37% to 52%. Only 30% of losses can be deducted (asymmetric). One of the harshest crypto tax regimes in Europe alongside Norway.

45%

effective rate

37-52%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Ethiopia

Hell

Crypto is de facto banned by the National Bank of Ethiopia. Very restrictive foreign exchange controls. High income tax rates.

35%

effective rate

Up to 35%

capital gains

Africa

India

Hell

Flat 30% tax on ALL crypto profits with ZERO deductions allowed. 1% TDS (Tax Deduction at Source) on all crypto transactions >₹50,000. No loss offset against other income. Cannot deduct any costs except acquisition cost.

31%

effective rate

30% (flat, no deductions)

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Iran

Hell

Crypto mining is licensed but heavily regulated. International sanctions complicate crypto usage. Electricity-subsidized mining for export.

40%

effective rate

Up to 25%

capital gains

Middle East

Iraq

Hell

Crypto is banned by the Central Bank of Iraq. General income tax rates are moderate but crypto-specific enforcement is strict.

35%

effective rate

Up to 15%

capital gains

Middle East

Japan

Hell

Crypto taxed as 'miscellaneous income' at progressive rates up to 55%(!). Not treated as capital gains (which is only 20% for stocks). Highest crypto tax rate among major economies. Reform discussions ongoing.

45%

effective rate

15-55% (miscellaneous income, progressive)

capital gains

Asia·FATCA

Morocco

Hell

Crypto technically banned since 2017 but widely used. Tax rates are high if gains are declared. Regulatory reform under discussion.

38%

effective rate

Up to 38%

capital gains

Africa

Nepal

Hell

Nepal has banned cryptocurrency trading. Using crypto can result in fines and imprisonment.

36%

effective rate

Crypto banned

capital gains

Asia

New Zealand

Hell

Crypto taxed as income at progressive rates up to 39%. No formal CGT but crypto gains treated as income for frequent traders.

39%

effective rate

Up to 39%

capital gains

Oceania·FATCA

North Korea

Hell

North Korea has a completely closed financial system. Crypto allegedly used by state actors for sanctions evasion.

100%

effective rate

N/A

capital gains

Asia

Norway

Hell

Crypto taxed like stocks at 37.84%. Unrealized holdings must be reported as wealth and are subject to wealth tax. DeFi income taxed as ordinary income. One of Europe's highest rates.

37.84%

effective rate

37.84%

capital gains

Europe·FATCA

Pakistan

Hell

Crypto is in a legal gray area. State Bank has warned against crypto but no outright ban. High income tax rates apply.

35%

effective rate

Up to 35%

capital gains

Asia

Venezuela

Hell

Complex crypto situation. Government created Petro cryptocurrency. High tax rates. Crypto widely used to circumvent economic crisis and currency controls.

40%

effective rate

Up to 34%

capital gains

Americas

Zimbabwe

Hell

Zimbabwe applies progressive income tax up to 40% on crypto gains. Crypto previously banned, now cautiously allowed.

40%

effective rate

Up to 40%

capital gains

Africa